Characteristics of animal cells and their implication on process design Nutritional requirements and serum free cultureof mammalian cells Kinetics of growth and product formation. Reactor systems for large-scale production using animal cells. Production of Polyclonal antibodies with different types of antigens: antigen preparation and modification, adjuvants does and route of antigen administration, collection of sera, purification of antibodies. Hybridoma technology – production and applications of monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis and therapy. Production of virus vaccines, specific vaccines. Production of cellular chemicals like Interferons, Interleukin, etc. Immunoassay procedures.